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Hip Hop
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Adams, Cey, and Bill Adler. Definition: The Art and Design of Hip-Hop Collins Design, 2008.
Adams, Terri M., and Douglas B. Fuller. "The Words Have Changed but the Ideology Remains the Same: Misogynistic Lyrics in Rap Music." Journal of Black Studies 36, no. 6 (2006): 938-57.
Alder, B. and Janette Beckman, ed. Rap: Portraits and Lyrics of a Generation of Black Rockers. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1991.
Aldridge, Derrick, and James B. Stewart. "Introduction: Hip Hop in History: Past, Present, and Future." Journal of African American History 90 (2005): 190-95.
Aldridge, Heather and Diana Carlin. "The Rap on Violence: A Rhetorical Analysis of Rapper Krs-One." Communication Studies 44 (1993): 102-16.
Alim, H. Samy, ed. Hip Hop Culture: Language, Literature, Literacy and the Lives of Black Youth. Vol. 6, Special Issue of the Black Arts Quarterly. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
———. "Street-Conscious Copula Variation in the Hip Hop Nation." American Speech 77, no. 3 (2002): 288-304.
———. "On Some Serious Next Millennium Rap Ishhh: Pharoahe Monch, Hip Hop Poetics, and the Internal Rhymes of Internal Affairs." Journal of English Linguistics (2003).
———. Roc the Mic Right : The Language of Hip Hop Culture. New York ; London: Routledge, 2006.
Alim, H. Samy, Awad Ibrahim, and Alastair Pennycook. Global Linguistic Flows : Hip Hop Cultures, Youth Identities, and the Politics of Language. 1st ed. New York NY: Routledge, 2009.
Anderson, Adrienne. Word: Rap, Politics and Feminism. New York: Writers Club Press, 2003.
Armstrong, E. "Gangsta Misogyny: A Content Analysis of the Portrayals of Violence against Women in Rap Music,1987-1993." Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 8, no. 2 (2001): 96-126.
Armstrong, Edward G. "Eminem's Construction of Authenticity." Popular Music and Society 27, no. 3 (2004): 335-55.
Asante, Molefi K. It's Bigger Than Hip-Hop: The Rise of the Post-Hip-Hop Generation. 1st ed. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2008.
Atre, Jatin. "Building America's Agenda: Uses of Rap in Inner-City and Suburban Demographics." Unpublished paper, University of Pennsylvania, 2004.
Awkward, Michael. "Black Feminism and the Challenge of Black Hetero-Sexual Male Desire." Souls: A Critical Journal of Black Politics, Culture, and Society 2, no. 3 (2001): 31-37.
Bakare-Yusuf, Bibi. "‘I Love Myself When I Am Dancing and Carrying on’: Refiguring the Agency of Black Women's Creative Expression in Jamaican Dancehall Culture. ." International Journal of Media and Cultural Politics 1, no. 3 (2005): 263-76.
Baker, Houston A. Jr. "Handling Crisis: Great Books, Rap Music, and the End of Western Homogeneity (Reflections on the Humanities in America)." Callaloo: An Afro-American and African Journal of Arts and Letters, no. Spring (1990): 173-94.
Balaji, Murali. "Owning Black Masculinity: The Intersection of Cultural Commodification and Self-Construction in Rap Music Videos." Communication, Culture, & Critique 2, no. 1 (2009): 21-38.
Banjanko, Adisa. Lyrical Swords: Hip Hop and Politics in the Mix: YinSumi Press, 2004.
Barry, Venise Torriana. "The Complex Relationship between Pop Music and Low-Income Black Adolescents: A Qualitative Approach." Dissertation, University of Texas, 1989.
Bartlett, A. "Airshafts, Loudspeakers, and the Hip Hop Sample: Contexts and African American Musical Aesthetics." African American Review 28, no. 4 (1994): 639-52.
Basu, Dipa. "What Is Real About Keeping It Real." Postcolonial Studies: Culture, Politics, Economy 1, no. 3 (1998): 371-87.
Basu, Dipannita, and Sidney J. Lemelle. The Vinyl Ain't Final : Hip Hop and the Globalization of Black Popular Culture. London: Pluto, 2006.
Berry, Vernise. "Redeeming the Rap Music Experience." In Adolescents and Their Music: If It's Too Loud, You're Too Old, edited by Jonathon S. Epstein, 165-87. New York: Garland, 1994.
Berry, Venise T. "Feminine or Masculine: The Conflicting Nature of Female Images in Rap Music." In Cecilia Reclaimed: Feminist Perspectives on Gender and Music, edited by Susan C. Cook and Judy S. Tsou. Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1994.
Blair, M. E. "Commercialization of the Rap Music Youth Subculture." The Journal of Popular Culture 27, no. 3 (2004): 21-33.
Bost, Susanne. ""Be Deceived If Ya Wanna Be Foolish": (Re)Constructing Body, Genre, and Gender in Feminist Rap." Postmodern Culture 12, no. 1 (2001).
Bradley, Adam. Book of Rhymes : The Poetics of Hip Hop. New York NY: Basic Civitas Books, 2009.
Bragg, B., and P. McFarland. "The Erotic and the Pornographic in Chicana Rap Jv Vs. Ms. Sancha." Meridians: Feminism, Race, Transnationalism 7, no. 2 (2007): 1-21.
Bretthauer, Brook, Toni S. Zimmerman, and James H. Banning. "A Feminist Analysis of Popular Music: Power over, Objectification of, and Violence against Women." Journal of Feminist Family Therapy 18, no. 2 (2006): 29-51.
Brewster, Bill, and Frank Broughton. Last Night a Dj Saved My Life : The History of the Disc Jockey. 1st American ed. New York: Grove Press, 2000.
Brown, Ruth Nicole. Black Girlhood Celebration: Toward a Hip-Hop Feminist Pedagogy. New York: Peter Lang, 2009.
Bryan, Carmen. It's No Secret: From Nas to Jay-Z, from Seduction to Scandal, a Hip-Hop Helen of Troy Tells All. New York: VH1/Pocket Books., 2006.
Bryant, Yaphet. "Relationships between Exposure to Rap Music Videos and Attitudes toward Relationships among African Americna Youth." Journal of Black Psychology 34, no. 3 (2008): 356-80.
Brym, Robert J. Hip-Hop from Dissent to Commodity a Note on Consumer Culture. 3rd ed, Society in Question: Sociological Readings for the 21st Century. Toronto: Harcourt, 2001.
Burns, Kate. Rap Music and Culture, Current Controversies. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble : Feminism and the Subversion of Identity, Thinking Gender,. New York: Routledge, 1990.
Bynoe, Yvonne. "Defining the Female Image through Rap Music and Hip Hop Culture." Doula: The Journal of Rap Music and Hip-Hop Culture 1, no. 2 (2001): 20-25.
———. Stand and Deliver: Political Activism, Leadership, and Hip Hop Culture2004.
Calhoun, Lindsay R. "“Will the Real Slim Shady Please Stand Up?”: Masking Whiteness, Encoding Hegemonic Masculinity in Eminem's Marshall Mathers Lp." Howard Journal of Communications 16, no. 4 (2005): 267-94.
Campbell, Kermit Ernest. Gettin' Our Groove On : Rhetoric, Language, and Literacy for the Hip Hop Generation, African American Life Series. Detroit Mich: Wayne State University Press, 2005.
Campbell, Melissa. "Go White Girl!: Hip Hop Booty Dancing and the White Female Body." Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies 18, no. 4 (2004): 497-508.
Canton, David A. "The Political, Economic, Social, and Cultural Tensions in Gangsta Rap." Reviews in American History 34, no. 2 (2006): 14p.
Carby, Hazel V. "It Jus Be's Dat Way Sometime: The Sexual Politics of Women's Blues." Radical America 20, no. 4 (1986): 9-22.
Celious, Aaron Kabir. "Blaxploitation Blues: How Black Women Identify with and Are Empowered by Female Performers of Hip Hop Music." Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2002.
Century, Douglas. Hip Hop Babylon: The Real Stories Behind Raps Greatest Scandals: Wenner Books, 2006.
Cepeda, Raquel, ed. And It Don't Stop: The Best American Hip-Hop Journalism of the Last 25 Years. New York: Faber and Faber, 2004.
Chang, Jeff. Can't Stop Won't Stop : A History of the Hip-Hop Culture. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2005.
———. Total Chaos : The Art and Aesthetics of Hip-Hop. New York: BasicCivitas Books, 2006.
Clay, Elonda. "Two Turntables and a Microphone: Turntablism, Ritual and Implicit Religion." Culture and Religion 10, no. 1 (2009): 23-38.
Cobb, M., and W. Boettcher. "Ambivalent Sexism and Misogynistic Rap Music: Does Exposure to Eminem Increase Sexism?" Journal of Applied Social Psychology 37, no. 12 (2007 ): 3025-42.
Cobb, William Jelani. To the Break of Dawn : A Freestyle on the Hip Hop Aesthetic. New York: New York University Press, 2007.
Coleman, Brian. Check the Technique : Liner Notes for Hip-Hop Junkies. Villard Books trade pbk. ed. New York: Villard, 2007.
Coleman, Robin R. Means, and Jasmine Cobb. "No Way of Seeing: Mainstreaming and Selling the Gaze of Homo-Thug Hip-Hop." Popular Communication 5, no. 2 (2007): 89-108.
Collier-Thomas, Bettye. Daughters of Thunder : Black Women Preachers and Their Sermons, 1850-1979: Jossey-Bass, 1997.
Collins, Michael S. "Biggie Envy and the Gangsta Sublime." Callaloo 29, no. 3 (2006): 911-38.
Collins, Patricia Hill. From Black Power to Hip Hop : Racism, Nationalism, and Feminism, Politics, History, and Social Change. Philadelphia: Temple Univ. Press, 2006.
Collison, M. ""Fight the Power": Rap Music Pounds out a New Anthem for Many Black Students." The Chronicle of Higher Education (1990): 31, 32.
Condry, Ian. Hip-Hop Japan: Rap and the Paths of Cultural Globalization. Durham: Duke University Press, 2006.
Cooper, Richard M. "Kijana (Youth) Finding Their Own Voices: A Qualitative Study on the Meanings of Rap Music Lyrics for African American Male Adolescents." Dissertation, Temple University, 2002.
Costello, Mark and David Foster Wallace. Signifying Rappers. New York: Ecco Press, 1990.
Craddock-Willis, Andre. "Rap Music and the Black Musical Tradition: A Critical Assesment." Radical America 23, no. 4 (1989): 29-37.
Crandall, Emily. "Is Tupac Alive? Myths of Resurrection, Manhood, and Thug Gangsta Life." The Undergrate Scholar 6, no. 4-15 (1999).
Crenshaw, Kimberle. "Beyond Racism and Misogyny: Black Feminism and 2 Live Crew." Boston Review 16, no. 6 (1991): 6, 30-33.
Cross, Brian. It's Not About a Salary: Rap, Race, and Resistance in Los Angeles. London: Verso, 1993.
Crossley, Scott. "Metaphorical Conceptions in Hip-Hop Music." African American Review 39, no. 4 (2005).
Cummings, Melbourne, and Abhik Roy. "Manifestations of Afrocentricity in Rap Music." The Howard Journal of Communications 13 (2002): 59-76.
D, Chuck. Fight the Power : Rap, Race, and Reality with Yusuf Jah. Edinburgh: Payback, 1999.
Dangerfield, Celnisha. "Lauryn Hill as Lyricist and Womanist." In Understanding African American Rhetoric: Classical Origins to Contemporary Innovations, edited by Ronald L. Jackson II and Elaine B. Richardson, 209-21. New York: Routledge, 2003.
Datcher, Michael and Kwame Alexander. Tough Love: The Life and Death of Tupac Shakur. Alexandria: Alexander Publishing Group, 1997.
Davis, Eisa. "Sexism and the Art of Feminist Hip-Hop Maintenance." In To Be Real, edited by Rebecca Walker, 127-41. New York: Anchor Books, 1995.
Dean, Terrance. Hiding in Hip Hop : On the Down Low in the Entertainment Industry, from Music to Hollywood. 1st Atria Books hardcover ed. New York: Atria Books, 2008.
Decker, Jeffrey L. "The State of Rap: Time and Place in Hip Hop Nationalism." Social Text 34 (1989): 53-84.
Delgado, Fernando. "Chicano Ideology Revisited: Rap Music and the (Re)Articulation of Chicanismo." Western Journal of Communication 62, no. 2 (1998): 95-113.
———. "All Along the Border; Kid Frost and the Performance of Brown Masculinity." Text & Performance Quarterly 20, no. 4 (2000): 388-401.
Desnoyers-Colas, Elizabeth Frances. "Sista Mc Droppin' Rhymes with a Beat: A Fantasy Theme Analysis of Songs Performed by African-American Female Rap Artists." Dissertation, Regent University, 2003.
Dimitriadis, Greg. "Hip Hop to Rap: Some Implications of an Historically Situated Approach to Performance." Text & Performance Quarterly 19, no. 4 (1999): 355-69.
———. Performing Identity/Performing Culture: Hip-Hop as Text, Pedagogy, and Lived Practice. New York: Peter Lang, 2001.
Dixon, T., & Linz, D. "Obscenity Law and Sexually Explicit Rap Music: Understanding the Effects of Sex, Attitudes, and Beliefs." Journal of Applied Communication Research 25, no. 3 (1997): 217-41.
Dogg, Snoop, and Davin Seay. The Doggfather: The Times, Trials, and Hardcore Truths of Snoop Dogg. New York: William Morrow, 1999.
Donalson, Melvin Burke. Hip Hop in American Cinema. New York: Peter Lang, 2007.
Dyson, Michael Eric. Holler If You Hear Me: Searching for Tupac Shakur. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2001.
———. Open Mike: Reflections on Philosophy, Race, Sex, Culture and Religion. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2003.
Dyson, Michael Eric, and Sohail Daulatzai. Born to Use Mics : Reading Nas's Illmatic. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2008.
Edwards, Walter. "From Poetry to Rap: The Lyrics of Tupac Shakur." The Western Journal of Black Studies 26, no. 2 (2002): 61-70.
Elligan, D. "Rap Therapy: A Culturally Sensitive Approach to Psychotherapy with Young African American Men." Journal of African American Men 5, no. 3 (2000): 27-36.
Elliot, Keith. Rap. Minneapolis: Lerner Publications, 1987.
Emerson, Rana A. "Where My Girls At? Negotiating Black Womanhood in Music Videos." Gender and Society 16, no. 1 (2002): 115-35.
Esposito, Jennifer, and Bettina L. Love. "More Than a Video Ho: Hip Hop as a Site of Sex Education About Girls Sexual Desires." In The Corproate Assault on Youth: Commercialism, Exploitation, and the End of Innocence, edited by Deron Boyles. New York: Peter Lang, 2008.
Eure, Joseph D. and James G. Spady. Nation Conscious Rap: The Hip Hop Version. New York: PC International, 1991.
Evelyn, Jamilah. "The Miseducation of Hip Hop." Black Issues in Higher Education 17, no. 21 (2000): 25-29.
Fab, Freddy. Fresh Fly Flavor : Words and Phrases of the Hip-Hop Generation. Stamford, Conn.: Longmeadow Press, 1992.
Fenster, Mark. "Understanding and Incorporating Rap: The Articulation of Alternative Popular Musical Practices within Dominant Cultural Practices and Instutions." Howard Journal of Communications 5, no. 3 (1995): 223-44.
Fitts, Mako. "Drop It Like It's Hot: Culture Industry Laborers and Their Perspectives on Rap Music Video Production." Meridians 8, no. 1 (2008): 211-35.
Fleetwood, Nicole. "Hip-Hop Fashion, Masculine Anxiety, and the Discourse of Americana." In Black Cultural Traffic: Crossroads in Global Performance and Popular Culture, edited by Harry Elam and Kennell Jackson. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 2005.
Forman, Murray. "Movin' Closer to an Independent Funk: Black Feminist Theory, Standpoint, and Women in Rap." Women's Studies 23 (1994).
———. "It Ain't All About the Benjamins: Summit on Social Responsibility in the Hip-Hop Industry " Journal of Popular Music Studies 13, no. 1 (2001).
———. The 'Hood Comes First: Race, Space, and Place in Rap and Hip-Hop. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2002.
Forman, Murray, and Mark Anthony Neal. That's the Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Fraley, Todd. "I Got a Natural Skill…: Hip-Hop, Authenticity, and Whiteness " Howard Journal of Communications 20, no. 1 (2009): 37-54.
Fricke, Jim, and Charlie Ahern. Yes, Yes Y'all: The Experience Music Project Oral History of Hip Hop's First Decade. Cambridge: Da Capo Press, 2002.
Gan, S., D. Zillman, and M. Mitrook. "Stereotyping Effect of Black Women's Sexual Rap on White Audeinces." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 19, no. 3 (1997): 381-99.
Ganz, Nicholas. Graffiti Women : Street Art from Five Continents. New York: Abrams, 2006.
Gaunt, Kyra Danielle. The Games Black Girls Play: Learning the Ropes from Double-Dutch to Hip-Hop. New York: New York University Press, 2006.
Gee, Alex, and John Teter. Jesus and the Hip-Hop Prophets: Spiritual Insights from Lauryn Hill and Tupac Shakur. Downers Grove: IL, 2003.
Geidel, Molly. "Supermaxes, Stripmines, and Hip-Hop." Journal of Popular Music Studies 17, no. 1 (2005): 67-76.
George, Nelson, Sall Banes, Susan Flinker, and Patty Romanowski. Fresh Hip-Hop Don't Stop. New York: Random House, 1985.
George, Nelson. Hip Hop America. New York: Viking, 1998.
———. Buppies, B-Boys, Baps & Bohos : Notes on Post-Soul Black Culture. 1st Da Capo Press , updated and expanded ed. [Cambridge, MA]: Da Capo Press, 2001.
Gordon, Lewis. "The Problem of Maturity in Hip Hop." The Review of Education, Pedagogy & Cultural Studies 27, no. 4 (2005).
Grassian, Daniel. Writing the Future of Black America : Literature of the Hip-Hop Generation. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2009.
Gray, Herman. "Black Masculinity and Visual Culture." Callaloo 18, no. 2 (1995): 401-05.
Gray, Kristina. "I Sold My Soul to Rock and Roll." In Colonize This: Young Women of Color on Today's Feminism, edited by Daisy Hernandez and Bushra Rehman, 257-67. New York: Seal Press, 2002.
Green, Jared. Rap and Hip Hop: Examining Pop Culture. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2003.
Grem, Darren. ""The South Got Something to Say" Atlanta's Dirty South and the Southernization of Hip Hop America." Southern Cultures 12, no. Winter (2006): 55-73.
Guevara, Nancy. "Women Writin' Rappin' Breakin'." In Droppin' Science: Critical Essays on Rp Music and Hip-Hop Culture, edited by William Perkins, 49-62. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.
Gutierrez, Eric. Disciples of the Street: The Promise of a Hip-Hop Church. New York: Seabury Books, 2008.
Hager, Steven. Hip Hop : The Illustrated History of Break Dancing, Rap Music, and Graffiti. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1984.
Halifu, Osumare. "African Aesthetics, American Culture: Hip Hop in the Global Era." University of Hawaii, 1999.
Harrison, Anthony Kame. "'Every Emcee's a Fan, Every Fan's an Emcee': Authenticity, Identity, and Power within Bay Area Underground Hip-Hop." Dissertation, Syracuse University, 2003.
Hatch, John B. "Rhetorical Synthesis through a (Rap)Prochment of Identities: Hip Hop and the Gospel According to the Gospel Gangstaz." Journal of Communication & Religion 25 (2002): 228-67.
Haugen, Jason D. ""Unladylike Divas": Language, Gender, and Female Gangsta Rappers." Popular Music and Society 26, no. 4 (2003): 429-44.
Heath, Ryan Scott. "Head Theory: Hip-Hop Aestheticism, Globalized Text, and a Critique of Cultural Studies." Dissertation, University of Michigan, 2002.
Hess, Mickey. "Hip-Hop Realness and the White Performer." Critical Studies in Media Communication 22, no. 5 (2005): 372-89.
Hill, Marc Lamont. Beats, Rhymes, and Classroom Life : Hip-Hop, Pedagogy, and the Politics of Identity. New York NY: Teachers College Columbia University, 2009.
Hinds, Selwyn Seyfu. Gunshots in My Cook-Up : Bits and Bites from a Hip-Hop Caribbean Life. New York: Atria Books, 2002.
Hopkinson, Natalie, and Natalie Y. Moore. Deconstructing Tyrone: A New Look at Black Masculinity in the Hip Hop Generation. San Francisco: Cleis Press, 2006.
Horton-Stallings, LaMonda. Mutha' Is Half a Word : Intersections of Folklore, Vernacular, Myth, and Queerness in Black Female Culture, Black Performance and Cultural Criticism. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2007.
Houston, Marsha, and Olga I. Davis, eds. Centering Ourselves: African American Feminist and Womanist Studies of Discourse. Cresskill: Hampton, 2002.
Hurt, Byron. I Am a Man: Black Masculinity in America.
Hutchinson, Janis Faye. "The Hip-Hop Generation: African American Male-Female Relationships in a Nightclub Setting." Journal of Black Studies 30, no. 1 (1999): 62-84.
———. "The Hip-Hop Generation: African Male-Female Relationships in a Nightclub Setting." Journal of Black Studies 30, no. 1 (1999): 62-84.
Irby, Decoteau. "Hip Hop, Urban Labor Markets and The "American Dream": A Study of Young Black Men in Philadelphia." Dissertation, Temple University, 2004.
Irvine, James R. and Walter G. Kirkpatrick. "The Musical Form in Rhetorical Exchange: Theoretical Considerations." Quarterly Journal of Speech 58 (1972): 272-84.
Jackson, Ronald L. Scripting the Black Masculine Body : Identity, Discourse, and Racial Politics in Popular Media, Suny Series, the Negotiation of Identity. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006.
Jamila, Shani. "Can I Get a Witness? Testimony from a Hip-Hop Feminist." In Colonize This: Young Women of Color on Today's Feminism, edited by Daisy Hernandez and Bushra Rehman, 382-94. New York: Seal Press, 2002.
Jasper, Kenji, Ytasha Womack, Robert Johnson, and Mark Allwood. Beats, Rhymes & Life: What We Love and Hate About Hip-Hop. 1st ed. New York: Harlem Moon/Broadway Books, 2007.
Johnson, Christopher K. "Danceable Capitalism: Hip-Hop's Link to Corporate Space." Journal of Pan African Studies 2, no. 4 (2008): 80-92.
Johnson, Leola. "Rap, Misogyny and Racism." Radical America 26, no. 3 (1992): 7-19.
Judy, R.A.T. "On the Question of Nigga Authenticity." In That's the Joint!: The Hip Hop Studies Reader, edited by Murray Forman and Mark Anthnony Neal, 105-17. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Junior, Nicole Shawan. "The Politics of Hip Hop : An Exploration of Black Urban Vernacular in Rap Music." 2002.
Kalyan, Rohan. "Hip Hop Imagnaries: A Geneaology of the Present." Journal for Cultural Research 10, no. 3 (2006): 237-57.
Kelley, Norman. R&B Rhythm and Business: The Political Economy of Black Music. New York: Akashic Books, 2002.
Kelley, Robin D. G. "Looking for 'the Real Nigga': Social Scientists Construct the Ghetto." In That's the Joint!: The Hip-Hop Studies Reader, edited by Murray Forman and Mark Anthony Neal, 119-36. New York: Routledge, 2004.
Keyes, Cheryl. "Verbal Art Performance in Rap Music: The Conversation of the 80s." Folklore Forum 17 (1984): 143-52.
———. "The Rap Music Tradition." In Feminist Messages: Coding in Women's Folk Culture, edited by Joan Newlon Radner. Champaign: University of Illinois, 1993.
———. "The Meaning of Rap Music in Contemporary Black Culture." In The Triumph of the Soul: Cultural and Psychological Aspects of African American Music, edited by Ferdinand Jones and Arthur C. Jones, 153-79. Westport: Praeger, 2001.
———. Rap Music and Street Consciousness. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002.
Kitwana, Bakari. The Hip Hop Generation : Young Blacks and the Crisis in African American Culture. 1st ed. New York: Basic Civitas, 2002.
———. Why White Kids Love Hip Hop: Wankstas, Wiggas, Wannabes, and the New Reality of Race in America. New York: Basic Civitas Books, 2005.
Klein, Bethany. "Dancing About Architecture: Popular Music Criticism and the Negotiation of Authority." Popular Communication 3, no. 1 (2005): 1-20.
Kochman, Thomas. Rappin' and Stylin' Out. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977.
Kool Moe, Dee. There's a God on the Mic : The True 50 Greatest Mcs. New York: Thunder's Mouth Press, 2003.
Krims, Adam. Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Kubrin, Charis E. "Gangstas, Thugs, and Hustlas: Identity and the Code of the Street in Rap Music." Social Problems 52, no. 3 (2005): 360-78.
Kun, Josh. "Two Turntables and a Social Movement: Writing Hip-Hop at Century’s End." American Literary History (2002): 580-92.
———. "What Is an Mc If He Can't Rap to Banda? Making Music in Nuevo L.A." American Quarterly 56, no. 3 (2004): 741-58.
Latifah, Queen, and Karen Hunter. Ladies First: Revelations of a Strong Woman. New York: William Morrow, 1999.
Lena, Jennifer. "From Flash to Cash: Producing Rap Authenticity, 1979 to 1995." Dissertation, Columbia University, 2003.
Lena, Jennifer C. "Meaning and Membership: Samples in Rap Music, 1979-1995." Poetics 32, no. 3/4 (2004): 14p.
———. "Social Context and Musical Content of Rap Music, 1979-1995." Social Forces 85, no. 1 (2006): 17p.
———. "Voyeurism and Resistance in Rap Music Videos." Communication & Critical/Cultural Studies 5, no. 3 (2008): 264-79.
Light, Alan. Tupac Shakur. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1997.
———, ed. The Vibe History of Hip Hop. New York: Three Rivers Press, 1999.
Lommel, Cookie. The History of Rap Music. Philadelphia: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001.
Lorde, Audre. "Uses of the Erotic: The Erotic as Power." In Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches. Freedom: Crossing Press, 1984.
Lornell, Kip From Jubilee to Hip Hop: Prentice Hall, 2008.
Lowe, Jaime. Digging for Dirt: The Life and Death of Odb. New York: Faber and Faber, 2008.
Lusane, C. "Rap, Race, and Politics." Altenative Press Review 1 (1994): 58.
Maira, Sunaina. "Desis Reprazent: Bhangra Remix and Hip Hop in New York City." Postcolonial Studies 1, no. 3 (1998): 357-70.
Major, Clarence. Juba to Jive : A Dictionary of African-American Slang. New York, N.Y., U.S.A.: Viking, 1994.
Manuel, Peter. "Gender Politics in Caribbean Popular Music: Consumer Perspectives and Academic Interpretation." Popular Music and Society 22, no. 2 (1998): 11-29.
Marshall, Wayne. "Musica Negra to Reggaeton Latino: The Cultural Politics of Commercialization." Job Talk, Univeristy of Chicago, 2007.
Martinez, Theresa A. "Popular Culture as Oppositional Culture: Rap as Resistance." Sociological Perspectives 40 (1997): 265-86.
Masters, Jarvis Jay. Finding Freedom: Writings from Death Row. Junction City: Padma Pub., 1997.
Mayo, Kierna. "Caught up in the (Gangsta) Rapture: Dr. C. Delores Tucker's Crusade Against "Gangsta Rap"." In And It Don't Stop: The Best American Hip-Hop Journalism of the Last 25 Years, edited by Raquel Cepeda, 121-30. New York: Faber and Faber, 2004.
McDonnel, J. "Rap Music: Its Role as an Agent of Change." Popular Music and Culture 16 (1992): 80-92.
McDonnell, Evelyn, and Ann Powers. Rock She Wrote: Women Write About Rock, Pop, and Rap. 1st Cooper Square Press ed. New York: Cooper Square Press, 1999.
McLeod, Kembrew. "Authenticity within Hip-Hop and Other Cultures Threatened with Assimilation." Journal of Communication 49, no. 4 (1999): 134-50.
McQune Jr., Jeffrey Q. "Out in the Club: The Down Low, Hip-Hop, and the Architexture of Black Masculinity." Text and Performance Quarterly 28, no. 3 (2008): 298-314.
McRobbie, Angela. "Post-Feminism and Popular Culture." Feminist Media Studies 4, no. 3 (2004): 255-64.
McWhorter, John H. All About the Beat : Why Hip-Hop Can't Save Black America. New York N Y: Gotham Books, 2008.
Mies, Maria. Patriarchy and Accumulation on a World Scale : Women in the International Division of Labour. New ed. London: Zed, 1998.
Miller, Campbell Luther and John R. As Nasty as the Wanna Be: The Uncensored Story of Luther Campbell of the 2 Live Crew. New York: Baricade, 1992.
Miller, Monica R. "'the Promiscuous Gospel': The Religious Complexity and Theological Multiplicity of Rap Music." Culture and Religion 10, no. 1 (2009): 39-61.
Mitchell, Tony, ed. Global Noise: Rap and Hip-Hop Outside the USA. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 2001.
Miyakawa, Felicia M. "God Hop: The Music and Message of Five Percenter Rap." Dissertation, Indiana University, 2003.
———. Five Percenter Rap: God Hop's Music, Message, and Black Muslim Mission, Profiles in Popular Music. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2005.
Morgan, Joan. When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: My Life as a Hip Hop Feminist. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1999.
———. "Fly-Girls, Bitches, and Hoes: Notes of a Hip-Hop Feminist." Social Text 45 (1999): 151-57.
Morgan, M. "Hip Hop Women Shredding the Veil: Race and Class in Popular Feminist Identity." The South Atlantic Quarterly 104, no. 3 (2005): 425-44.
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